Artificial Intelligence in Climate Modelling

Nowadays, rapid changes in climate conditions are a major concern. As unpredictable changes in climatic conditions leads to fatal outcome for the living beings and environment in the form of natural disasters, water scarcity, too hot or too cold weathers.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning is showing great results in various sectors like education, financing, healthcare, economics, agriculture, marketing and many more. Integration of AI in climatic observations is in its early stages and have great potential in predicting environmental conditions with more accuracy than that of human observations.

AI with the help of satellite images, carbon emission, ecologists’ expertise and drones can observe the remote locations on our planets in a few seconds which might be impossible for a human being to do.

Data collections of changes in the earth condition is done with the help of Earth System- related model (ESM) outputs. Role of AI is to build connections between one dataset with another, predict future conditions on the basis of these links and to aware society to how to deal with a particular climate change.

In present time, we are able to obtain data with the help of ultra-fine-resolution weather forecasting models. These ultra-fine-resolutions can obtain data even with the difference of locations of only 5 Kilometers, lesser the distance between two locations more the accurate climate model can be obtained. It is similar to the concept of pixels while taking pictures, finer the pixel size clearer will be the image obtained. Ultra-fine -resolution give enormous amount of data which requires supercomputers for the analysis. AI use these

datasets for predicting a reliable and accurate climatic condition for future use.

As it is clearly evident that the Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are responsible for the increasing temperature of our planet Earth. Warmer temperature results in melting of icebergs in the Antarctica region and North pole of our planet. AI is able to predict the accurate size of iceberg and also the time duration in which the whole iceberg will be melted. AI is able to tell the time until that all the icebergs will be melted and aware the society for taking necessary actions for conquering this problem. Carbon emission by the industries is measured by the AI models, so that the regulatory steps for decreasing the emission can be taken.

With the help of drones AI is also helps in ocean cleaning, they detect the sites which contains litters so that the cleaning of only targeted area can be done. It eases the human efforts and can analyze the areas which are out of human reach. AI helps in making the deforestation maps can track the increase of CO2 in the environment. Reforestation process can also be accelerated by using several AI based tools for tracking available space and dispersal of seeds in those particular areas. It also helps in waste management and recycling.

More accurate climate models can save millions of lives which are lost because of natural disasters and the crisis associated with them like malaria, diarrhea, famine and many more. More and more use of AI in climate modelling needed to be encouraged in the future. Development of more accurate and efficient AI tools are also needed for future climatic predictions.

Author: Shikha Mishra

Editor: Arnav Kapoor

Illustrator: Mallika Yadav

Reviewer: Bristi Paul

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